Effects of Heavy Metals, Water Quality and Temperature Fluctuation on the Growth Parameters of Fish (Labeo rohita) In River Indus

Abstract

Fish is totally depending on the water. The increasing environmental strain is exacerbated by water pollution and scarcity, with the depletion of natural water sources contributing to this limited availability. Fish growth effected by environmental pollution. This research will explore technological and scientific ways to diagnose the water quality, heavy metals accumulated in body of fish in order to safe Labeo rohita. Heavy metal contamination (e.g., arsenic, cadmium, lead, etc.) in aquatic environments has a significant impact on fish developmental and physiological processes, such as organ development, breeding and spawning, resulting in a decrease in offspring quantity and quality. Temperatures exceed tolerance limits, fish experience stress that disrupts various physiological, metabolic, and molecular processes, as well as their behavioural responses. For this purpose, the research was conducted on Labeo rohita (Rahu). It was taken as primary tool for this research took place in the premonsoon 2024 and postmonsoon 2023. Heavy metals inter in the fish body through gill and mouth cause bioaccumulation in gills, liver and kidney. Histology of gills clearly indicate necrosis abnormality and the histology of liver clearly indicate completely damage the liver tissue. fish losses its immunity lysozyme level both in mucus and blood serum clearly indicate decrease in this research, it was concluded that the exposure of water quality temperature fluctuation and heavy metals contamination causes the histological changes in Labeo rohita. The present research will aid to find new ways to safe rahu from adverse effect of heavy metals and water contamination and open new areas for further research. Key words:  Heavy metals (Cd, Pd, As), temperature, gill, kidney, liver, Labeo rohita, lysozyme, haematology, histology